Essential Questions
How does Authenticity align with Marzano's design questions 2 and 3?
How can authentic instructional strategies deepen new content knowledge for students?
Learning Goals
Teachers will be able to identify effective strategies to use with students when interacting with new content knowledge.
Teachers will be able to identify how Authenticity aligns with Marzano’s design questions 2 and 3.
Materials List
Presentation Slides (attached)
Sticky notes (one pad per table)
Pens
Instructional Strategy Note Sheet (attached, one per participant)
Paired Texts H-Chart (attached, one per participant)
Authentic Learning and Teaching Chart (attached, one per participant)
Marzano Design Questions 2 and 3 handout (attached, one per participant)
Inverted Pyramid template (attached, one per participant)
Triangle-Square-Circle handout (attached, one per participant)
Engage
Display slide 2 and play music as participants enter the room. Instruct participants to fill out a sticky note with a celebrity or character that they can impersonate or would like to see impersonated. As the session begins, pick up the sticky notes from the tables and get a pulse for which content areas are represented by participants in the session.
Display slide 3. Introduce yourself. Briefly mention the agenda and the Instructional Strategy Note Sheet. Inform participants that new instructional strategies will be introduced to them throughout the session. These strategies are tools to support higher-order thinking in authentic ways. Encourage participants to use their note sheet to jot down ideas for how they would personalize the strategies for their specific classes. Within the presentation, time is allotted to allow participants to reflect on the strategies.
Display slide 4. Introduce the Fold the Line instructional strategy. Ask participants to create a straight line in order by birth date (month and day only, no need to consider the year). January birthdays should be on the far left and December on the far right as you look at the line. Before they begin forming the line, explain to participants the caveat that they may not talk or mouth any words silently. They may, however, hold up fingers to help them distinguish where they might stand. After everyone is lined up, start on the left and ask each person to say their birth date aloud. This will confirm whether they were able to order themselves correctly. If any participants are out of place have them “fix” the order as you move down the line.
Ask, "What made this task difficult?" and allow participants the opportunity to share out. Then, explain that the next task is going to be similar, but this time they will be able to talk to one another to see where they belong in the line.
Click to bring up the next few lines of text on the slide. Say, "Now, on a scale from 1-5, order yourselves using your knowledge about Marzano's Design Questions two and three. Think about how knowledgeable you are when helping students interact, practice, and deepen new knowledge." A participant who identifies as a 1 has minimal experience helping students interact, practice, and deepen new knowledge. Maybe they are so new to teaching that they don't feel like they have enough tools yet to do this at all. A participant who identifies as a 5 feels extremely confident in helping students interact, practice, and deepen new knowledge. In fact, they could help novice teachers with strategies and support.
Once participants have thought for a moment, allow them to move to their new place in the line, with 1’s on the left and 5’s on the right. As they organize themselves, encourage participants to discuss the topic with the participants standing near them in order to gather support for their stance.
Once everyone is lined up, go ahead and Fold the Line. Have the participant at one end of the line come over to the other end. Participants will follow the leader so that when they stop, each is across from a partner with a different number than their own. For example, the participant standing at the very end of the line as a 5 will walk down to the opposite end of the line and face the person at the beginning of the line as a 1. (Participants who chose 3 might be paired with another 3, which is fine in this scenario.)
Once participants have identified their partners, ask them to find a seat together. Partners will work together for the exploration activity.
Allow a moment for participants to write on their Instructional Strategy Notes Sheet how they could use the Fold the Line strategy in their own classrooms. Provide an opportunity for a few people to share out about what they wrote down.
Display slide 5 and briefly highlight the objectives for the session. Doing so will provide a roadmap of where you will go together during the session and will let participants know what to expect.
Explore
Display slide 6 and introduce the Paired Texts H-Chart strategy. Explain that this is a great strategy to help students analyze and synthesize multiple texts. It allows them to move beyond comparison and contrast to construct their own understanding of the source material.
Display slide 7. Explain that the H-Chart is a graphic organizer that helps students analyze and gather information from two separate forms of texts and synthesize the two texts’ content into one brief statement.
First, address how participants would fill in the right "leg" of the chart using the text provided. Click the slide and explain, "For example, if I gave you a text about the musical group Pentatonix and Todrick Hall, you might write that they are an acapella group, current performers, cover artists, and 21st Century artists." Then address how they would fill in the left "leg" of the chart using the text provided. Click the slide and explain, "Using the movie The Wizard of Oz, you might write that it is a classic musical with Dorothy, the Cowardly Lion, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Man. It was made in 1939." Conclude by telling participants that after filling in both "legs of the H-Chart they should synthesize the two texts (groups of information) into one or two sentences.
Show the Wizard of Ahhhs video clip linked on slide 7. For purposes of staying on your time schedule for the session, consider showing only part (approximately 3:00) of the clip. After the clip plays, click to show the synthesized statement on the slide that describes The Wizard of Ahhhs as an updated 21st Century version of The Wizard of Oz with a current blend of songs to tell the same storyline as the original.
Display slide 8 and direct participants to the Paired Text H-Chart template. Instruct participants to work with their partners to fill in the "legs" of the Paired Text H-Chart using the two texts, Authentic Learning and Teaching Chart and Marzano Design Questions 2 and 3. The template provides a helpful guide for partners to identify five words phrases or sentences that stick out to them as important or relevant. After they have filled in the two "legs," participants will create an elevator speech to merge or synthesize the two frameworks. When they begin to synthesize, you may want to pose the question, "What do these two frameworks look like when working together?"
Explain
After groups have had ample time to synthesize the information from the two texts, display slide 9. Introduce the Inverted Pyramid instructional strategy and tell participants that this strategy helps support analyzed discussions that can build confidence and expand perspectives. It also affords groups the opportunity to discuss and eliminate non-essential information. The pyramid is upside down because the task goal is to downsize the amount of information to one main idea, concept, or statement.
Explain to participants that now that they have gained knowledge about Authenticity and the two design questions, they will use the Inverted Pyramid template to help deepen and reinforce that knowledge and understanding. They are going to help each other eliminate less important information from each of the crossbars of their H-Charts.
Explain that each pair will go and find another pair to form a group of four. Within this group, participants will share their own synthesized statements. Then, the group will flesh out what is significant and what is less important, eliminating the non-essential information. When the group has reached an agreement about what best represents the two frameworks, it will go and find another group of four and begin the same process again. This process will continue until the whole group is divided in half.
Allow a representative from each group to share out their agreed-upon statement representing the two frameworks. This statement should still be short and concise, like an elevator speech.
Display slide 10 and pose the following question:
How can graphic organizers like these two we just used help engage students when working with new content knowledge?
Allow participants to share out a few of their responses.
Ask participants to take a few minutes to add to their Instructional Strategy Note Sheet. They should explain how they will use this strategy in their own classrooms and name the authentic components.
Extend
Display slide 11 and introduce the Triangle-Square-Circle instructional strategy. Direct participants to the Triangle, Square, Circle handout and ask them to reflect on and respond to the first prompt: "Pick one strategy from today and reflect on three points how it aligns with authenticity and Marzano's Design Questions 2 and 3." Allow a minute for participants to record their responses, and then have a few participants share what they wrote.
Evaluate
After some participants have shared, ask all participants to answer the next two questions on the same handout.
"What is something that squared with your thinking during today's session?"
"What is something still circling in your mind?"
After a few moments, and if time allows, ask participants to share out their answers to these two questions. Remind participants to finish reflecting on the Instructional Strategy Note Sheet before they leave the session.
Follow-up Activities
Research Rationale
The Teacher Leader Effectiveness (TLE) evaluation was adopted in 2011 through the Oklahoma State Department of Education (OSDE) as a teacher evaluation tool. It was implemented in stages, and in the 2013-2014 school year it was implemented fully to assess teachers in the classroom. The Qualitative portion of the TLE is 50% of the total teacher measure (McGee, 2013). According to OSDE, 35% of this calculation is to measure the "Added Value of Student Growth." Added Value refers to the contributions of the teacher made to the student’s academic growth (Walsh, Liu, and Dotter, 2014). Student Growth does not focus on one student individually for one assessment, but on continued growth throughout the progression of the year. Two models may be used for the TLE evaluation, the Marzano Teacher Evaluation Model and the Authenticity framework. Marzano's model focuses on what the teacher does, while Authentic teaching places the focus on what the student does during a lesson. However, the two frameworks overlap, and Marzano can fit directly within the higher-order thinking (HOT) of Authenticity. In teaching and designing authentic lessons, even homework can stimulate high-order thinking skills for practicing basic skills of a lesson when designed with Authenticity in mind. Authentic lessons are typically student-focused, engaging students in active learning. Learning by doing has been considered the most effective way to learn, (Lombardi, 2007). Marzano's framework has Design Questions 1-9 that address different aspects of the teaching process. Design Questions 2-4 align with authentic teaching, and authentic teaching aligns with research into the way the human mind turns information into useful, transferable knowledge (Lombardi, 2007).
Resources
K20 Center. (n.d.). Fold the line. Strategies. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/d9908066f654727934df7bf4f5079658
K20 Center. (n.d.). Inverted pyramid. Strategies. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/d9908066f654727934df7bf4f507a918
K20 Center. (n.d.). Paired texts h-chart. Strategies. https://learn.k20center.ou.edu/strategy/d9908066f654727934df7bf4f5060ba6
Lombardi, M. M. (2007). Authentic learning for the 21st century: An overview. Educause Learning Initiative, 1(2007), 1-12.
Marzano, R. (2013). Art and science of teaching/ask yourself: Are students engaged. ASCD: Technology-Rich Learning.
Marzano, R. (2014). Marzano teacher evaluation model. Learning Map. http://www.marzanocenter.com/
McGee, L. (2013, June 27). TLE report to the Oklahoma State Board of Education [Report]. Implementation Update. Oklahoma State Department of Education. https://sde.ok.gov/sites/default/files/documents/files/TLE_Report_Oklahoma_State_Board_Education7_15_2013.pdf
Parr, M., & Fishery, B. (2012-2013). Elevator speech. University of California. http://sfp.ucdavis.edu/events/Agritourism_Intensive_2012-2013/
Region 13. (n.d.). Triangle-square-circle. http://www.theteachertoolkit.com/
Walsh, E., Liu, A.Y., and Dotter, D. (2014). Measuring teacher and school value added in Oklahoma, 2012-2013 school year [Report]. Mathematica Policy Research. https://sde.ok.gov/sites/ok.gov.sde/files/documents/files/Measuring%20Value%20Added%20in%20OK%202012-2013.pdf